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Famous Discoverers

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Discoverer	Chronological Discoveries
	Marco Polo 1254 – died January 9, Venice, 1324 1254 He made explorations in China, India and the East, he was a Venetian explorer known for the book The Travels of Marco Polo, which describes his voyage to and experiences in Asia. Polo traveled extensively with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295 and remaining in China for 17 of those years.
	Battuta Ibn 24 February 1304 – 1368 or 1369 1346 Over a period of thirty years, Ibn Battuta visited most of the Islamic world and many non-Muslim lands, including Central Asia, Southeast Asia, India and China
	Henry, the Navigator 4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460 1439 Henry, the Navigator 4 March 1394 – 13 November 14 Madeira and the Azores, better known as Prince Henry the Navigator, was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion. During Prince Henry's time and after, the Portuguese navigators discovered and perfected the North Atlantic Volta do Mar (the "turn of the sea" or "return from the sea"): the dependable pattern of trade winds blowing largely from the east near the equator and the returning westerlies in the mid-Atlantic. This was a major step in thehistory of navigation, when an understanding of oceanic wind patterns was crucial to Atlantic navigation, from Africa and the open ocean to Europe, and enabled the main route between the New World and Europe in the North Atlantic in future voyages of discovery.
	Christopher Columbus 1451, Genoa, Italy - died: 20 May 1506 1492 America, and the West Indies San Salvador, He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas.
	Sebastian Cabot b.1474 d. December 1557 (aged c. 83) 1492 Labrador in 1497, Cabot sailed for both England and Spain to explore possible Northwest and Northeast Passages and was one of the earliest explorers to map North and South America and surrounding territories.
	Vasco Da Gama 1460s – 24 December 1524 1497 The sea route to India 1498, was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. His initial voyage to India (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and therefore, the West and the Orient.
	Amerigo Vespucci March 9, 1454 – February 22, 1512 1501 Discovered North & South America 1501 a portion of Brazil that Vespucci had explored was named "America," the name "America" was applied to both the northern and southern landmasses of the New World, America is named after Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian explorer who set forth the then revolutionary concept that the lands that Christopher Columbus sailed to in 1492 were part of a separate continent. ... He included on the map data gathered by Vespucci during his voyages of 1501-1502 to the New World.
	Jacques Cartier December 31, 1491 - died 1 September 1557 1534 Explored a great deal of Canada, especially the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the river St. Lawrence. French navigator Jacques Cartier was sent by King Francis I to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia in 1534. His exploration of the St. Lawrence River allowed France to lay claim to lands that would become Canada.
	Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1475 - died January 12, 1519 1513 Was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World discovered The Pacific Ocean
	1519 Ferdinand Magellan1480-1521 Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain in 1519 with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands. En route he discovered what is now known as the Strait of Magellan and became the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean. He was the first person to attempt to sail around the world. He was eventually selected by King Charles I of Spain to search for a westward route to the Maluku Islands (the "Spice Islands"). Commanding a fleet of five vessels, he headed south through the Atlantic Ocean to Patagonia. Despite a series of storms and mutinies, they made it through the Strait of Magellan into a body of water he named the "peaceful sea" (the modern Pacific Ocean). The expedition reached the Philippine islands, where Magellan was killed during the Battle of Mactan. The expedition later reached the Spice Islands in 1521 and one of the surviving ships (Victoria) eventually returned home via the Indian Ocean, completing the first circuit of the globe.
	Sir Martin Frobisher 1535 – 22 November 1594 1570 Was an English explorer who became a licensed pirate and plundered French ships off the coast of Africa. In the 1570s, he made three voyages to discover a Northwest Passage. Instead, he discovered Labrador and discovered Frobisher's Strait and what is now Frobisher Bay.
	Henry Hudson 1570 – disappeared 23 June 1611 1570 Hudson River, Hudson Strait, Hudson Bay, English, Henry Hudson set sail on a ship called Discovery. He discovered a strait in the ocean that led them through the northern waters over Canada, which was later named the Hudson Strait. Henry and his crew sailed through the strait and into a large bay. It later became known as Hudson's Bay. The crew of mutineers cast Hudson, his son, and seven others adrift; the Hudsons and their companions were never seen again.
	Sir Francis Drake 1540 – died 28 January 1596 1577 Was the first person to sail around the world, 1577-1580. Sir Francis Drake is best known for circumnavigating Earth (1577–80), preying on Spanish ships along the way. Later he was credited for his defense of England by raiding Spain's harbour at Cádiz in 1587 and (according to many sources) by disrupting the Spanish Armada in the English Channel with fire ships in 1588.
	1578 Sir Humphrey Gilbert 1539 – 9 September 1583 Elizabethan explorer who annexed Newfoundland to England Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1539-1583) was an English nobleman, Army officer, member of Parliament, and explorer. He sailed to North America in search of a Northwest Passage (a sea route to Asia through North America). He founded an English settlement in Newfoundland. Gilbert is said to have believed that America was the lost continent of Atlantis (a legendary but fictional continent that is said to have sunk in ancient times). He was determined to find a sea route through the northern waters of North America. On September 23, 1578, he sailed from England, but was attacked by Spaniards and returned to England. He successfully sailed again on June 11, 1583, with 5 ships. One ship had to return because of leaks, but the others eventually made it to North America. He landed in Newfoundland on July 30, 1583, and then sailed to St. John's. Gilbert claimed the area for Queen Elizabeth I of England, and started a colony. After two weeks in his new colony, Gilbert left his colony to explore the area around Nova Scotia. He died on this expedition when his boat, the "Squirrel," sank near the Azore Islands on September 9, 1583 (he was returning to England). Gilbert was the step-brother of Sir Walter Raleigh. Reference
	William Baffin 1584 – 23 January 1622 1615 He is primarily known for his attempt to discover a Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific, during the course of which he was the first European to discover Baffin Bay in present-day Canada.
	John Davis 1550 – died 29 December 1605 1592 Discovered Davis Strait. John Davis was one of the chief navigators of Queen Elizabeth I of England. He led several voyages to discover the Northwest Passage and served as pilot and captain on both Dutch and English voyages to the East Indies. He discovered the Falkland Islands in August 1592.
	Captain James Cook 7 November 1728 - died 14 February 1779 1770 The Sandwich Isles, navigator and explorer who, in 1770, discovered and charted New Zealand and the Great Barrier Reef of Australia on his ship HMB Endeavour. He later disproved the existence of Terra Australis, a fabled southern continent.
	Vitus Jonassen Bering (5 August 1681, died 19 December 1741), 1724 He was also known as Ivan Ivanovich Bering, was a Danish cartographer and explorer in Russian service, and an officer in the Russian Navy. Navigator whose exploration of the Bering Strait and Alaska prepared the way for a Russian foothold on the North American continent. He is known as a leader of two Russian expeditions, namely the First Kamchatka Expedition and the Great Northern Expedition, exploring the north-eastern coast of the Asian continent and from there the western coast on the North American continent. The Bering Strait, the Bering Sea,Bering Island, the Bering Glacier and the Bering Land Bridge were all named in his honor.
	Jeanne Barret July 27, 1740 – August 5, 1807 1766 Jeanne Baret didn't set out to be the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. When she stepped onboard the Etoile in 1766, dressed as a man, she was looking for plants.
	Matthew Flinders 16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814 1802 Was an English navigator and cartographer who led the second circumnavigation of New Holland that he would subsequently call "Australia or Terra Australis" and identified it as a continent, also discovered Bass Strait.
	David Livingstone (b 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) 1860 was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era. Was a Scottish missionary, abolitionist and physician known for his explorations of Africa, having crossed the continent during the mid-19th century, explored a great deal of Africa.
	Sir Samuel White BarkerJune 8, 1821 - died London 1893 1862 English explorer who, with John Hanning Speke, helped to locate the sources of the Nile River. Discovered Lake Albert Nyanza, Two months later at Gondokoro he met Speke and Grant, who, after led by the local Africans to the source of the Nile, were following the river to Egypt. Their success made him fear that there was nothing left for his own expedition to accomplish; but the two explorers gave him information which enabled him, after separating from them, to achieve the first English explorer who, with John Hanning Speke, helped to locate the sources of the Nile River. Discovered Lake Albert Nyanza,
	Sir Ernest Shackleton 5 February 1874 – 5 January 1922 1901 Reached within 100 miles of the South Pole was an explorer who in 1901 joined an expedition to the Antarctic. He was sent home early due to bad health. Devoted to creating a legacy, he led the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Disaster struck when his ship, the Endurance, was crushed by ice.
	Rear Admiral Robert Edwin PearyU.S. 6 May 1856, Cresson, Pennsylva 1909 Arctic explorer usually credited with leading the first expedition to reach the North Pole, succeeded in reaching the North Pole on 6th April, 1909.
	Captain Robert Scott 6 June 1868 – c. 29 March 1912 1911 British explorer Robert Falcon Scott reached the South Pole, January 18th, 1912 famously took part in the race to claim the South Pole in 1911, but sadly failed in his mission and died on his return journey.
	Captain Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen, (born July 16, 1872, Borge, near Oslo, Norway—died June 18, 1928?), Arctic Ocean 1912 British explorer Robert Falcon Scott and Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen went head to head to be the first to reach the South Pole reached the South Pole in 1912. He was the first man in history to sail the treacherous Northwest Passage linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. British explorer Robert Falcon Scott and Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen went head to head to be the first to reach the South Pole reached the South Pole in 1912. He was the first man in history to sail the treacherous Northwest Passage linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Disappeared 18 June 1928
	Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd October 25, 1888, Winchester, Virginia, U.S.—died March 11, 1957 1929 A U.S. naval officer, pioneer aviator, and polar explorer best known for his explorations of Antarctica using airplanes and other modern technical resources. He flew over the North Pole in 1926; flew over the South Pole in 1929

Australian Discovery

1606 Willem Janszoon (Dutch c. 1570 – c. 1630), sometimes abbreviated to Willem Jansz., was a Dutch navigator and colonial governor. Janszoon served in the Netherlands East Indies in the periods 1603–1611 and 1612–1616, including as governor of Fort Henricus on the island of Solor.[2] He is the first European known to have seen the coast of Australia during his voyage of 1605–1606.

1606 Willem Janszoon map

1606 Luís Vaz de Torres (Portuguese), (born c. 1565; fl. 1607), was a 16th- and 17th-century maritime explorer of a Spanish expedition noted for the first recorded European navigation of the strait which separates the mainland of Australia from the island of New Guinea, and which now bears his name (map Torres Strait).

1606 map Torres Strait

1616 Dirk Hartog (Dutch b. 30 October 1580 – buried 11 October 1621) was a 17th-century Dutch sailor and explorer. Dirk Hartog's expedition was the second European group to land in Australia and the first to leave behind an artefact to record his visit, the Hartog plate. His name is sometimes alternatively spelled Dirck Hartog or Dierick Hartochszch

1616 Dirk Hartog Map

1619 Frederick de Houtman (c. 1571 – 21 October 1627) was a Dutch explorer, navigator, and colonial governor who sailed on the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies from 1595 until 1597, In 1619 De Houtman sailed in the Dutch East India Company ship Dordrecht, along with Jacob Dedel in the Amsterdam. They sighted the Australian coast near present-day Perth, which they called Dedelsland. After sailing northwards along the coast he encountered and only narrowly avoided a group of shoals, subsequently called the Houtman Abrolhos.

1642 Abel Janszoon Tasman (Dutch b. 1603 – 10 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He was the first known European explorer to reach the islands of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) and New Zealand, and to sight the Fiji islands.

1696 Willem de Vlamingh was born in Oost-Vlieland in the Dutch Republic on 28 November 1640. In 1664, De Vlamingh sailed to Novaya Zemlya and discovered Jelmerland.

On 29 December 1696, De Vlamingh's party landed on Rottnest Island. He saw numerous quokkas (a native marsupial), and thinking they were large rats he named it 't Eylandt 't Rottenest ("Rats' Nest Island"). He afterwards wrote of it in his journal: "I had great pleasure in admiring this island, which is very attractive, and where it seems to me that nature has denied nothing to make it pleasurable beyond all islands I have ever seen, being very well provided for man's well-being, with timber, stone, and lime for building him houses, only lacking ploughmen to fill these fine plains. There is plentiful salt, and the coast is full of fish. Birds make themselves heard with pleasant song in these scented groves. So I believe that of the many people who seek to make themselves happy, there are many who would scorn the fortunes of our country for the choice of this one here, which would seem a paradise on earth.

1699 William Dampier (b 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was an English explorer, ex-pirate and navigator who became the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavigate the world three times. He has also been described as Australia's first natural historian, as well as one of the most important British explorers of the period between Sir Walter Raleigh and James Cook.

On 5 January 1688, Cygnet "anchored two miles from shore in 29 fathoms" on the northwest coast of Australia, near King Sound. Dampier and his ship remained there until March 12, and while the ship was being careened Dampier made notes on the fauna and flora and the indigenous peoples he found there. Later that year, by agreement, Dampier and two shipmates were marooned on one of the Nicobar Islands. They obtained a small canoe which they modified after first capsizing and then, after surviving a great storm at sea, called at "Acheen" (Aceh) in Sumatra.

Dampier returned to England in 1691 via the Cape of Good Hope, penniless but in possession of his journals.

1770 James Cook FRS (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy. He made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand. The expedition sailed aboard HMS Endeavour, departing England on 26 August 1768. Cook and his crew rounded Cape Horn and continued westward across the Pacific, arriving at Tahiti on 13 April 1769, where the observations of the Venus Transit were made. However, the result of the observations was not as conclusive or accurate as had been hoped. Once the observations were completed, Cook opened the sealed orders, which were additional instructions from the Admiralty for the second part of his voyage: to search the south Pacific for signs of the postulated rich southern continent of Terra Australis. Cook then sailed to New Zealand, taking with him Tupaia, an exceptionally accomplished Tahitian aristocrat and priest, who helped guide him through the Polynesian islands, and mapped the complete coastline, making only some minor errors. He then voyaged west, reaching the southeastern coast of Australia on 19 April 1770, and in doing so his expedition became the first recorded Europeans to have encountered its eastern coastline.

1770 Cook landing at Botany Bay

Captain Arthur Phillip (1738-1814) was a British Naval Officer who founded the first permanent European settlement in Australia. Phillip commanded the "Sirius," the flagship of the First Fleet (the eleven ships that carried the first European settlers from Portsmouth, England, to New South Wales, Australia). The First Fleet was commissioned by Thomas Townsend, Viscount Sydney, and sailed for Botany Bay on May 13, 1787. The First Fleet carried 564 male and 192 female convicts, 450 crew members, 28 wives, and 30 children (half from the crew, half from the convicts). They sailed via Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) to the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), and by Tasmania. The Fleet anchored at Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia on January 26, 1788, and declared Australia a colony of Britain. Phillip was the Governor of New South Wales until 1792, when ill health forced him to returned to England. Australia Day commemorates the arrival of Captain Phillip and the First Fleet at Sydney Cove.

1797 George Bass (b. 30 January 1771 – after 5 February 1803) was a British naval surgeon and explorer of Australia. What became of Bass is unknown. He set sail on his last voyage in the Venus on 5 February 1803 and he and his crew were never seen again. His plan was to go to Tahiti and perhaps on to the Spanish colonies on the coast of Chile to buy provisions and bring them back to Sydney.

1801 Captain Matthew Flinders (b. 16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was an English navigator and cartographer who led the second circumnavigation of New Holland that he would subsequently call "Australia or Terra Australis" and identified it as a continent. Abel Tasman had circumnavigated it more widely in 1642-43 and had charted its north coast in 1644.

Flinders made three voyages to the southern ocean between 1791 and 1810. In the second voyage, George Bass and Flinders confirmed that Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) was an island. In the third voyage, Flinders circumnavigated the mainland of what was to be called Australia, accompanied by Aboriginal man Bungaree.

Robert O'Hara Burke (1820-1861) and William John Wills (1834-1861) were Australian explorers who were the first Europeans to cross Australia from south to north. They both died on the return trip, from exhaustion and hunger.

Burke and Wills were inexperienced explorers; Burke was a police investigator and Wills was a surveyor and meteorologist. Burke was chosen to lead the expedition across the inhospitable interior of Australia so that the state of Victoria could win the reward posted by the government of Australia for finding a north-south route. The government wanted to build a telegraph line from Adelaide to the northern coast of Australia

Edward John Eyre (1815-1901) was an English-born Australian explorer. With his aboriginal friend called Wylie, Eyre was the first European to walk across southern Australia from east to west (along the coast). This arduous trip took 4 1/2 months. They traveled from Adelaide to Albany, across the Nullarbor Plain. The expedition had begun with many men and pack horses, but harsh conditions and lack of food and water forced most of the men and the horses to turn back. Eyre and Wiley survived by using sponges to collect the morning dew, and eating kangaroos. Previously, Eyre had been on many shorter expeditions searching for good sheep-grazing land in southern Australia. An expedition to the center of Australia (from Adelaide) failed at Mt. Hopeless.

HUME, HAMILTON
Hamilton Hume (1797-1872) was an Australian explorer. Hume discovered Lake Bathurst when he was only 20 years old. Hume, together with William Hovell (an English sea captain) and six convicts, travelled overland through southeast Australia (the Berrima-Bong Bong District) to look for any large rivers. They set out in 1824 from Appin (where Hume lived) and travelled from Gunning to Corio Bay, discovering the Murray River, the Murrumbidgee River, and Mount Bland. They returned in 1825. Hume was rewarded with hundreds of acres of land

Famous Founders

Lord Robert Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scouts in 1908.

" General " William Booth founded The Salvation Army, in 1878.

John Wesley was the founder of the " Methodist " Religion.

Sir George Williams, founder of the Young Men's Christian Association (Y.M.C.A.).

Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy founded the Christian Science Religion.

St. Benedict, founder of the Order of Benedictine Monks.

Jeremy Bentham, founder of the School of Political Philosophy.

Professor Alfred Adler, founder of the School of Individual Psychology.

Confucius, founder of Chinese Philosophy.

Charles Goodyear discovered the art of vulcanising rubber.

Professor Pierre Curie and Madame Curie were the joint discoverers of Radium, a substance used in the cure of Cancer.

Edward Jenner discovered Vaccination.

Lord Lister discovered Antiseptic Treatment.

Robert Koch discovered the bacillus of Tuberculosis.

William Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood.

Louis Pasteur discovered the science of bacteria, i.e. the germ-theory of diseases.

Professor Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen discovered Rontgen Rays (X-rays).

Sir James Young Simpson discovered the use of Chloroform as an anaesthetic.

William Hyde Wollaston discovered ultra-violet rays.

Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen.

Sir William Ramsay discovered argon gas and helium.

Sir Ronald Ross discovered the malarial germ.

Sir Patrick Manson discovered that the malarial parasite was transmitted by the anopheles mosquito.

Sir Aldo Castellani discovered the cause of Sleeping Sickness.

Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of Gravitation.

Henry Cavendish discovered the composition of water; he also discovered hydrogen.

Francis Appert discovered how to preserve animal and vegetable food by enclosing them in hermetically sealed tins or cans.

Archimedes discovered Specific Gravity and the principles of the lever.

Bernard Pallisy discovered the art of producing white enamel.

William Caxton introduced printing into England.

Sir Rowland Hill introduced the Penny Postal System.

William Hersche discovered the planet Uranus.

Sir Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin

Dr. Sun Yat Sen, founder of the Chinese Republic.

William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania, in 1682.

Sir Thomas Raffles, founded Singapore in 1819.

Diego Velasquez founded Santiago and Havana.

Dr. Thomas John Barnardo, founded the homes for 0^>han« Waifs, which bears his name.

Freidrich Wilhehn Froebel, founder of the Kindergarten System of Education.

Sir Isaac Pitman founded the Pitman System of Shorthand.

Sir Francis Galton founded the study of Eugenics.

Friedrich Anton Mesmer founded the System of Mesmerism.

Alfred Krupp founded the great gun factories at Essen, Germany, which were the largest in the world.

Joseph Smith, founder of the religious sect called Mormons.

Sir William Smith founded the Boys' Brigade in 1883.

Famous Pioneers

The first persons to fly across the Atlantic

Sir John Alcock and Sir J. Whitten Brown in 1919

The first person to fly from England to New Zealand

Jean Gardner Batten, famous New Zealand Airwoman

The first person to fly the English Channel from Calais to Dover

Louis Bleriot, a French Airman

The first person to fly in Great Britain William Cody in 1908

The first solo Atlantic flight Charles Lindbergh, May, 1927

The first woman to fly the Atlantic Amelia Earheart, June 18, 1928

The first woman to fly solo from England to Australia Amy Johnson

The first person to cross Africa from east to west Verney L. Cameron

The first person to take a successful photograph of the human face

John William Draper

The first socialist to be elected to the House of Commons

James Keir Hardie

The first mountaineers to reach the top of Mount Everest

Sherpa Tensing and Sir Edmund Hillary

The first Archbishop of Canterbury Saint Augustine

The first monarch to be styled Sovereign in Great Britain

Queen Anne

The largest Church in the world         Saint Peter's in Rome

The tallest building in the world           Jeddah Tower

When the 3,280-feet-tall (1,000-meter-tall) Jeddah Tower, in Saudi Arabia, opens in 2020, it will knock Dubai's iconic Burj Khalifa off its throne as the tallest skyscraper in the world by 236 feet (72 meters). Construction of the landmark is estimated to cost $1.4 billion

The longest bridge in the world           Lower Zambesi, Africa, 3,541 metres
The largest bird in the world               The ostrich

The lightest of all substances             Hydrogen Gas

Famous Educationists

Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel	pioneer of the kindergarten system and influenced the growth of the manual training movement in education
Maria Montessori	was an Italian physician and educator who believed a structured education for young children would be beneficial for the students and the world.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi	known as the Father of Modern Education. ... He wanted to provide them with an education which would make them independent and able to improve their own lives.
John Dewey	Believed that human beings learn through a 'hands-on' approach. This places Dewey in the educational philosophy of pragmatism. Pragmatists believe that reality must be experienced.
Francisco Ferrer	Started his Modern School at Barcelona, and it was with a clear recognition of the fact that those in control of the education of children control the mind of a nation
Robert Raikes	Is traditionally credited as pioneering Sunday Schools in the 1780s
Archbishop Cranmer	Cranmer suggested that Henry VIII's marriage should not be decided by the canon lawyers in the ecclesiastical courts, but by theologians in the universities.
Elizabeth Fry	Prison Reform Fry started working with the more educated prisoners and had them lead the less educated prisoners. The more educated prisoners taught the other prisoners self -respect and how to properly care for themselves.

Famous Reformers

John Huss

Zwingli

Hugh Latimer

Martin Luther

John Wesley

John Calvin

Famous Philanthropists

Julia Ward Howe

Robert Owen

John D. Rockefeller

Cecil Rhodes

Rabindranath Tagore

Andrew Carnegie

George Cadbury

John Howard

Baron Maurice de Hirsch

Viscount Nuffield

Dr. Alfred Nobel

resources

Explanation for Student Compendium
File	Includes
Abbreviations	A shortened form of a word or phrase. ANU - Australian National University
Acronyms	An acronym is a pronounceable word formed from the first letter (or first few letters) of each word in a phrase or title. Sometimes, the newly combined letters create a new word that becomes a part of everyday language. An example of this is the acronym radar. Also includes Mnemonics Educational Acronyms, Information Technolgy Acronyms,
Adjectives	a word naming an attribute of a noun, such as sweet, red, or technical. Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words * Priest = Sacerdotal
Animals	Types of animals, Sounds the make, Where do they live, Collective names of animals Apes - gibber, Camel live in Australia, Sahara & Arabia, names = Bull - is called a heifer
Antonyms	a word opposite in meaning to another (e.g. bad - good ). Opposites = Absent - present
Big_Words for small	Small word with big word alternative Anger - Dudgeon * bold - Audacious
Business_Terms_Glossary	Terms used in business
Characteristics	A feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing and serving to identify them A partner in crime - accomplice
Church	Words pertaining to the church A passage between the pews in a church - Aisle
Commonly_confused_words	Similar sounding words with different meanings also Homonyms Council, an administrative or advisory body, do not confuse with counsel, advice or guidance.
Communication	All about communication see also A History of Communication
Computer_terms	All computer terms (ASCII, Binary, Unicode)
Countries	Names given to certain towns or countries includes facts about climate Aberdeen - The Granite City The Torrid Zone has the hottest climate Zinc - Mexico, U.S.A., Spain
Death	Words pertaining to death Occurring after death - posthumous
Diminutives	A diminutive person is short and small. A diminutive wordis a "cute" version of a word or name: for example, "duckling" is a diminutive of "duck" and Billy is a diminutive form of the name William Cask - casket
Famous_People	Famous world discoveries of countries continents, includes Australian discoverers Matthew Flinders -discovered Bass Strait. * Lord Robert Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scouts in 1908
Figurative_Expressions	Explanation of a word, words in literal expressions denote what they mean according to common or dictionary usage Aloof -To keep to oneself and not mix with others.
Flags of the world	Flags of countries in the world includes a countries quiz
Gender	Gender list of male female Actor - Actress
Geography	Countries of the world and Geographical facts The Circumference of the earth is approxinmately 24,800 miles.
Gods	List of gods and goddesses War - Mars
Government	Australian and UK government with words denoting government Australian Government
Grammar	Explains grammar syntax and verbs adjectives nouns etc. Explains various uses of nouns verbs etc.
Homonyms	each of two or more words having the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings and origins Shoe Shoo
Human_Relationships	The art of living together includes senses, elements, cardinal numbers, cardinal virtues THE ART OF LIVING - Consideration for the feelings of others
Inventions	Alphabetical list of the most important inventions Clock (pendulum) - Christian Huygens
Kings_Queens	List of kings and queens of Britain with facts and information EGBERT 827 - 839
Literary	Practical list of words explained in a sentence or phrase A book in which the events of each day are recorded - Diary
Marriage	Words pertaining to marriage included anniversary gifts A hater of marriage - misogamist
Medical	Medical terms in use today A disease confined to a particular district or place - endemic
Metaphors	Metaphor is a figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated
Miscellaneous	Sounds that things make, description of various venues or habitats, special calendar dates, Aussie slang words, Mnemonics All Fools' Day - 1st April - Aussie slang - sounds that things make etc.
Names	Names of persons or things, occupations, and a description of word meanings i.e. Terrestrial = Earth Various names explained Bird of night - Owl
Nature	Words connected to nature A four-footed animal - quadruped
Negatives	a word or statement that expresses denial, disagreement, or refusal That which cannot be pierced or penetrated - impenetrable
Nouns	Explanation of nouns, COMMON Nouns, PROPER Nouns, COLLECTIVE Nouns and ABSTRACT Nouns. sit - seat (when to use Nouns)
Numbers	Numbers of animals things i.e. A number of Cattle = herd A number of fish taken in a net - catch, haul
Opposites	a person or thing that is totally different from or the reverse of someone or something else. Unable to read - il-literate
Other	Special days, Aussies slang and any other items not covered in this list Any other items that might be of interest
Patron Saints	List of Patron Saints St. George of England, St. Andrew of Scotland
Phobias	Noctiphobia - Fear of the night
Places	A list of places A place where bees are kept = apiary A place where fishes are kept - aquarium
Possessive_Case	The case which is used to show possession is called the possessive case or genitive case. In case of nouns, an apostrophe is used to show it. Is the case which denotes the owner or possessor
Prefixes	All Prefixes
Professions	List of various professions The commander of a fleet - Admiral
Proverbs	Famous proverbs A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush A bad beginning makes a good ending.
Quotes	Serious Quotes and some Witty funny one liners Someone has glued my pack of cards together...I cannot deal with it!
Sayings	Famous sayings as a drowned rat. - as ancient as the sun—as the stars.
Science_and_Arts	List of words used in Science or Art An instrument for detecting earthquakes - seismograph
Scientific_Terms	Explanation of scientific items like barometer The science of land management - agronomics
Seven_Wonders	The seven wonders of the ancient world with explanations The Pyramids of Egypt
Similes	Words to use as a Simile which is a phrase that describes one thing in terms of another. A simile usually begins with like or as. *Archates - a good friend Belt = to hit below the belt**
Synonyms	List of words or phrases that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another abandon....... desert, forsake, leave.
Thesaurus	Understanding words, Incorrect Use of Words, Thesaurus of Words :Thesaurus - abandon = abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons affluent =having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value,words explained and incorrect use of words
UrbanMyths	The floor was dirt. Only the wealthy had something other than dirt, hence the saying "dirt poor."
War	Words used in war Nations carrying on warfare - belligerents
Weddings	Anniversary dates and wedding information
Words_to_Verbs	Words shown in noun or verb strong - strengthen
Zodiac_signs	Signs of the Zodiac